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COBRA, which stands for the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, is a federal law in the United States that allows eligible employees and their dependents to continue their group health insurance coverage for a limited period after leaving their job or experiencing a qualifying event that would result in a loss of coverage.
Here's an overview of COBRA continuation coverage:
Qualifying Events:
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- Qualifying events that trigger the right to COBRA coverage include voluntary or involuntary job loss, reduction in working hours, transition between jobs, divorce or legal separation from the covered employee, and the death of the covered employee.
Coverage Duration:
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- For most qualifying events, COBRA allows individuals to continue their group health insurance coverage for a limited period, typically up to 18 months. In certain circumstances, such as disability or a second qualifying event, coverage may be extended to 29 months.
Cost:
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- While COBRA provides the right to continue coverage, the individual is responsible for paying the total cost of the insurance premium. This includes the employer's share plus an additional 2% administrative fee. The premium can be relatively expensive, as it covers the entire cost of the plan.
Notification:
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- When a qualifying event occurs, employers must notify employees and their dependents of their right to COBRA continuation coverage. Individuals then have a limited time to elect COBRA coverage.
Enrollment Period:
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- Generally, individuals have 60 days from the date of the COBRA election notice to decide whether to elect COBRA coverage. If they choose to continue coverage, they must pay the first premium within 45 days of electing COBRA.
Limitations:
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- It's important to note that COBRA is not available for everyone. Small employers with at most 20 employees may not be subject to COBRA requirements. Additionally, if an individual is eligible for other group health coverage, such as through a new employer, they may not qualify for COBRA.
COBRA continuation coverage provides a safety net for individuals and their dependents who would otherwise lose health insurance due to a qualifying event. While it can be a valuable option, individuals should carefully consider the costs and explore other health insurance alternatives, such as coverage through a new employer or the Health Insurance Marketplace created by the Affordable Care Act.